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The oxygen atom of an ether is bonded to two carbon atoms. © by John Wiley & Sons, Nomenclature of Alcohols Nomenclature of Ethers. When an ester group is attached to a ring, the ester is named as a substituent on the ring. maks.opzet.xyz Benzenecarboxylic acid (Benzoic acid). NOMENCLATURE COMMON SYSTEM OF NAMING: ◦ In common system of naming ethers (simple and mixed), ethers are named by naming the two groups. TOP SPORTS BETTING SITES IN NIGERIA WHAT IS BTA

Ethers are more polar than alkenes but not as polar as alcohols, esters or amides of comparable structure. However, the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atoms makes hydrogen bonding with water molecules possible, causing the solubility of alcohols for instance, butanol and ethers ethoxyethane to be quite dissimilar. Cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane are totally miscible in water because of the more exposed oxygen atom for hydrogen bonding as compared to aliphatic ethers.

Ethers can act as Lewis bases. For instance, diethyl ether forms a complex with boron compounds, such as boron trifluoride diethyl etherate BF3. Ethers also coordinate to magnesium in Grignard reagents RMgBr. If the ether is part of a more complex molecule, it is described as an alkoxy substituent, so -OCH3 would be considered a " methoxy -" group. If the reaction takes place in aqueous acid, the epoxide opens to a glycol.

Because of its desirable solubility properties, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid MCPBA is often used for these epoxidations. Example 14 1- Acid —Catalyzed ring opening of epoxides in water to form glycols. Ethers and Epoxides Epoxides are much more reactive than common dialkyl ether, because of the strain in the three-membered ring, which is relieved when the epoxide ring is opened after a reaction has taken place. Examples of ring-opening reactions cleavage carbon-oxygen bond of ethylene oxide that form commercially important products are: 1- Acid —Catalyzed ring opening of epoxides in water to form glycols.

Ethers and Epoxides Exercise 1 Give a correct name for each of the following compounds. Exercice 2 Propose a Williamson synthesis of 3-butoxy-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane from 3,3-dimethylcyclohexanol and butanol 18 Predict the products of the following reactions.

Ethers and Epoxides Exercise 3 Predict the products of the following reactions.

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