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- 9 лет назад
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Regardless of the delivery mechanism, cryptojacking code typically works quietly in the background as unsuspecting victims use their systems normally. The only signs they might notice is slower performance, lags in execution, overheating, excessive power consumption, or abnormally high cloud computing bills. How cryptojacking works Coin mining is a legitimate process in the cryptocurrency world that releases new cryptocurrency into circulation.
The process works by rewarding currency to the first miner who solves a complex computational problem. That problem completes blocks of verified transactions that are added to the cryptocurrency blockchain. Additionally, the cryptocurrency ecosystem is designed in a way that makes mining harder and reduces the rewards for it over time and with more mining competition. This makes legitimate cryptocurrency coin mining an extremely costly affair, with expenses rising all the time.
Cybercriminals slash mining overhead by simply stealing compute and energy resources. They use a range of hacking techniques to gain access to systems that will do the computational work illicitly and then have these hijacked systems send the results to a server controlled by the hacker. Endpoint attacks In the past, cryptojacking was primarily an endpoint malware play, existing as yet another moneymaking objective for dropping malware on desktops and laptops.
Traditional cryptojacking malware is delivered via typical routes like fileless malware, phishing schemes, and embedded malicious scripts on websites and in web apps. The most basic way cryptojacking attackers can steal resources is by sending endpoint users a legitimate-looking email that encourages them to click on a link that runs code to place a cryptomining script on their computer.
It runs in the background and sends results back via a command and control C2 infrastructure. Latency is the amount of time it takes for a data packet to go from one place to another. Most gamers are familiar with ping. Ping is the amount of time it takes for the data to be received since the initial action.
If the ping is high, gamers will experience lag and will perform badly. The lower the ping the better. Ping or latency is measured in milliseconds ms. Latency is practically the same thing. Well, to be strict, ping is a signal that is sent to the server, while latency is the time it takes for that ping to reach the server. Both are used to refer to the time taken for a signal or packet to be sent from device A to device B. Why does mining need latency to be measured?
In order to understand why latency is important when it comes to mining, one must first understand mining basics. As explained in the Proof of Work article, a miner is solving jobs and he then sends these potential solutions back to the pool. The pool will send out jobs to miners all the time. These jobs will have some sort of deadline.
If missed, an otherwise valid share will be rejected. If the miner solves the job fast enough, but it takes a long time for the share to reach the pool, the share will be rejected and discarded. Therefore, the miner will not be paid for it. Remember, a miner gets paid based on the submitted shares and their difficulty, as explained here.
Does latency affect mining profits? High latency will affect mining profits in a negative way by causing a share to miss the job deadline, be rejected, and therefore the miner will not be paid for it. On the other hand, very low latency will not increase the profits.
So lowering the latency past a certain point will not be beneficial when it comes to mining profits.


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SEAN DAVIS CRYPTO
Dagger involves the generation of a Directed Acyclic Graph , random slices of which get hashed together. The core principle is that each nonce only requires a small portion of a large total data tree. Dagger was designed to be an alternative to existing algorithms like Scrypt, which are memory-hard but difficult to verify when their memory-hardness increases to genuinely secure levels.
However, Dagger was vulnerable to shared memory hardware acceleration and dropped in favor of other avenues of research. As a result, existing RAM is likely to be moderately close to optimal for evaluating the algorithm. Hashimoto uses the blockchain as a source of data, simultaneously satisfying 1 and 3 above. Dagger-Hashimoto used amended versions of the Dagger and Hashimoto algorithms.
The difference between Dagger Hashimoto and Hashimoto is that, instead of using the blockchain as a data source, Dagger Hashimoto uses a custom-generated data set, which updates based on block data every N blocks. The data set is generated using the Dagger algorithm, allowing for efficiently calculating a subset specific to every nonce for the light client verification algorithm.
The difference between Dagger Hashimoto and Dagger is that, unlike in the original Dagger, the dataset used to query the block is semi-permanent, only being updated at occasional intervals e. More on Dagger-Hashimoto. Ethash Ethash was the mining algorithm that was actually used on the real Ethereum Mainnet under the now deprecated proof-of-work architecture. D Simplifying assumption: the rest of the "network" is one non-malicious miner so, for example, does not selfishly mine and includes your blocks, where applicable.
Also, when you submit your block, it takes L time to propagate back to the network. Thus, you have a 2L penalty imposed on the amount of time you have to find a block before the network. Let us suppose, for a moment, that there is a complete lack of connectivity between you and the network and this is the block you would have found that was accepted if you were connected to the network. Now, you both find a block.
But the probability the network solved the block before your expected time of solving the block plus latency can be found using the Poisson distribution. The ratio of the probability of solving the block in t vs.
This is trickier to determine. If you are part of the side that generally forms the majority, then the approximation above is reasonably accurate. However, if you are not, then your chances of having a block included in your local cluster need to be calculated, first as above , and then multiply by the probability of your local cluster's blocks being included in the oracle consensus by using the same efficiency calculation as above; you would need to know the effective hash rate of your local cluster.
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