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This is where “liability-driven investing”, or LDI strategies, come in. The idea at the core of LDI strategies is that a pension plan can match. LDI is an investment solution that invests some of the pension scheme's assets to reduce the liability risks without reducing the expected return of the. When looking at the liability portfolio, the painfully low yields today remain a challenge for plan sponsors. “When sponsors look at their. SPORTING BETTING WEBSITES SPORTSBOOK

There is no assurance that the tax status or treatment of a proposed transaction or investment will continue in the future. Tax treatment or status may be changed by law or government action in the future or on a retroactive basis. The portfolio risk management process includes an effort to monitor and manage risk, but does not imply low risk.

All investing involves risks, including possible loss of the principal amount invested. Equity securities are more volatile than bonds and subject to greater risks. Small and mid-sized company stocks involve greater risks than those customarily associated with larger companies. Bonds are subject to interest rate, price and credit risks. Prices tend to be inversely affected by changes in interest rates.

Typically, when interest rates rise, there is a corresponding decline in the market value of bonds. The strategy may engage in short selling. A short sale creates the risk of a theoretically unlimited loss. High yield fixed income securities are considered speculative, involve greater risk of default, and tend to be more volatile than investment grade fixed income securities.

High yield, lower rated investments involve greater price volatility and present greater risks than higher rated fixed income securities Investments in commodities may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity.

Mortgage-backed securities are also subject to prepayment risk i. Emerging markets securities may be less liquid and more volatile and are subject to a number of additional risks, including but not limited to currency fluctuations and political instability. The currency market affords investors a substantial degree of leverage.

This leverage presents the potential for substantial profits but also entails a high degree of risk including the risk that losses may be similarly substantial. Such transactions are considered suitable only for investors who are experienced in transactions of that kind. Currency fluctuations will also affect the value of an investment. Master Limited Partnerships "MLPs" may be generally less liquid than other publicly traded securities and as such can be more volatile and involve higher risk.

MLPs are also generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns. MLPs may also involve substantially different tax treatment than other equity-type investments, and such tax treatment could be disadvantageous to certain types of investors. There is no guarantee that the use of these quantitative models will result in outperformance of an investment relative to the market or any relevant benchmark.

Further, the value of investments and the income derived from investments will fluctuate can go down as well as up , and a loss of principal may occur. Bank loans have speculative characteristics including the risk of non-payment of principal and interest. Other risks include insolvency, collateral impairment, illiquidity and the risk of bankruptcy.

Floating rate securities are generally below investment grade high-yield securities and carry increased risks of price volatility, underlying issuer creditworthiness, liquidity and the possibility of default in the timely payment of interest and principal. Further, the demand within certain markets or sectors that an ESG strategy targets may not develop as forecasted or may develop more slowly than anticipated.

Alternative Investments are subject to less regulation. Alternative Investments are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information. Investors may have limited rights with respect to their investments, including limited voting rights and participation in the management of such Alternative Investments.

Alternative Investments often engage in leverage and other investment practices that are extremely speculative and involve a high degree of risk. Such practices may increase the volatility of performance and the risk of investment loss, including the loss of the entire amount that is invested. There may be conflicts of interest relating to the Alternative Investment and its service providers, including Goldman Sachs and its affiliates.

Similarly, interests in an Alternative Investment are highly illiquid and generally are not transferable without the consent of the sponsor, and applicable securities and tax laws will limit transfers. Private equity and real estate investments are speculative, highly illiquid, involve a high degree of risk, have high fees and expenses that could reduce returns, and subject to the possibility of partial or total loss of capital; they are, therefore, intended for experienced and sophisticated long-term investors who can accept such risks.

Real estate risks include, but are not limited to, fluctuations in the real estate markets, the financial conditions of tenants, changes in building, environmental, zoning and other laws, changes in real property tax rates, changes in interest rates and the availability or terms of debt financing, changes in operating costs, risks due to dependence on cash flow, environmental liabilities, uninsured casualties, unavailability of or increased cost of certain types of insurance coverage, fluctuations in energy prices, and other factors.

The information and services provided on this web site are intended for persons in the US only. Non-US persons are directed to our audience selection page. Assets Under Supervision AUS includes assets under management and other client assets for which Goldman Sachs does not have full discretion. The general approach to liability-driven investment plans consists of minimizing and managing liability risk followed by generating asset returns.

Liability-Driven Investment for Individual Clients For a retiree, using the LDI strategy starts with estimating the amount of income the individual will need for each future year. All potential income, including Social Security benefits, is deducted from the yearly amount that the retiree needs, helping determine the amount of money the retiree will have to withdraw from their retirement portfolio to meet the established income needed annually.

The yearly withdrawals then become the liabilities that the LDI strategy must focus on. More specifically, the focus should be on the assurances made to pensioners and employees. These assurances become the liabilities the strategy must target. There is not one agreed-upon approach or definition for the specific actions taken in regard to the LDI. Pension fund managers quite often use a variety of approaches under the LDI strategy banner.

Broadly, however, they have two objectives. The first one is to manage or minimize risk from liabilities. These risks range from a change in interest rates to currency inflation because they have a direct effect on the funding status of the pension plan. The second objective to generate returns from available assets. At this stage, the firm might seek out equity or debt instruments that generate returns commensurate with its estimated liabilities.

The easiest option for the firm is to invest the funds at its disposal into an equity investment that generates the required returns. Alternately, it can use an LDI approach to estimate split its investment into two buckets.

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